Growing up: A Journey of One’s Identity

It is inescapable that individuals age. Each individual, and each being besides, develops old. Age is a characteristic marvel that can't be kept away from. Some portion of growing up is finding one’s character. As individuals age, they continually experience a procedure where they shape themselves into extraordinary people. Each experience that an individual experiences impacts his character, his character, and his personality. It is through such encounters that individuals get the opportunity to see who they truly are. Triumphs and disappointments in life are essential for they help fortify the character of the individual. As it were, the point at which an individual experiences an encounter, he is molding his character paying little mind to the result of his undertaking. From youth to adulthood, each experience delivers a specific exercise that is instilled in the individual’s being. These exercises are what characterize the person for they legitimately influence the individual that they are. The improvement of the individual and the excursion of self-disclosure as an individual grows up are talked about not simply in the different fields of science. Writing also has a lot of centerpieces that give a contribution of how growing up includes the trim and forming of the person’s personality. In spite of the fact that not straightforwardly examined, writing features how the excursion of maturing is in corresponding with an individual’s venture towards characterizing his very own personality. In Mary E. Wilkins’ short story, â€Å"Mistaken Charity,† the excursion of two ladies through age and time is told. In addition, it shows how their maturing concurs with their acknowledgment of who they truly are. Harriet and Charlotte are two sisters who never wed. Their life is based on their work and on their battle to endure. Nonetheless, as age finds them, and their matured bodies can no longer stand their own professions, they start to understand that they are not about their work. Whenever allowed to move out of their worn out house and into a superior life, they find that it is their encounters living in that house that characterizes what their identity is. They are not used to the life in the â€Å"Home† for it doesn't feel like home to them. This is the thing that drove Charlotte to state, â€Å"O Lord, Harriã ©t†¦ let us return home. I can't remain here no routes in this world. I don't care for their vittles, an' I don't care to wear a top; I need to return home and do extraordinary. The currants will be ready, Harriã ©t. O Lord, thar was very nearly a chink, contemplating them. I need some of them; a' the Porter apples will be gittin' ready, a' we could have some crusty fruit-filled treat. This here ain't good.† (Wilkins, 148) This shows how regardless of how much better another life is by all accounts, individuals will consistently return to their old lifestyle for the existence they have become accustomed to characterizes who they truly are. Another story that show how growing up implies characterizing who you truly are is told in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† The story recounts how one encounters that Goodman Brown experienced in his young days totally changed his point of view. His excursion through the woods wherein he met the puzzling figure which many partner with the villain may in fact be a fantasy. In any case, that experience made him fully aware of the truth that individuals may not be what they see him to be. The great Christians that he thought they were may quite be a concealment of their genuine selves. In spite of the fact that it could be a fantasy, the experience was illuminating for Goodman Brown. All the more critically, it was persuasive in embellishment the character of Brown and his point of view. After the experience, Goodman Brown wound up turning into a pessimist. He was continually pondering whether the individuals around him were who they truly were. Truth be told, Goodman Brown even started to question the truthfulness of his better half, whom he used to love and trust beyond a reasonable doubt. After the said occasion,  â he transformed into a skeptic, watchful and critical of his better half and his unwaveringness and constancy. The last section of the story clarifies the impact that the involvement with the timberland had on him. In the said section it was expressed: â€Å"A harsh, a miserable, an obscurely thoughtful, an incredulous, if not a frantic man did he become from the evening of that dreadful dream. On the Sabbath day, when the assembly were singing a heavenly hymn, he was unable to listen in light of the fact that a song of praise of wrongdoing surged uproariously upon his ear and suffocated all the favored strain. At the point when the clergyman talked from the platform with power and fervid expert articulation, and, with his hand on the open Bible, of the sacrosanct realities of our religion, and of holy person like lives and triumphant passings, and of future joy or wretchedness unutterable, at that point did Goodman Brown turn pale, fearing in case the rooftop should roar downward on the dark blasphemer and his hearers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hawthorne, 127) The accounts give proof of how encounters form and shape the character and character of the person. Both Goodman Brown and the sisters showed how they are made by their encounters. Consequently, it very well may be said that growing up and maturing is a procedure of characterizing one’s self. It is a procedure of disclosure realized by life encounters where exercises are found out and imbedded in one’s lifestyle. Works Cited: Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† Literature and society: A prologue to fiction, verse, show, genuine. fourth ed. Eds. Pamela Annas, Robert Rossen. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2007, pp 117-127. Wilkins, Mary. â€Å"Mistaken Charity.† Literature and society: A prologue to fiction, verse, show, genuine. fourth ed.â Eds. Pamela Annas, Robert Rossen. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2007, pp 140-150.

The Face of the Other Essay -- Culture Cultural Ideology Essays

The Face of the Other Everything seen will be seen with the assistance of the Others. During childbirth, we are tossed into a particularity of culture that is strange to us. We are overwhelmed in this culture and the systems of belief systems involved by culture that characterize the world in light of the fact that there is an establishing for the chance of philosophy that lies not just in our reality of a subject with Others, yet in addition in the way that culture, as a type of presence with Others, shows significance and comprehension. Despite the fact that we are tossed into culture, we can't remember us as creatures outsider to the social procedure itself, there is an early stage moral obligation that our reality with the Others calls forward. Culture emerges at a similar second it scatters, it is continually being remolded by the people that partake in their everydayness as subjects. Ordinarily comprehend, culture is the results of a given society. Worth is alloted to these items through their recorded connection to the disintegrating system of creation that we call ‘culture’. Shared characteristics in characters of Others start to emerge exponentially as people experience various encounters. There are a few shared traits inside the entirety of our characters, and a greater amount of these shared traits the particular subjectivities inside a culture, these social codings are the way the Others characterize one another. Culture is kept up and supported through people. However, would could it be that keeps up comparable subjectivities among one another, comprising us as neighbors? The term most promptly accessible in English would need to be â€Å"ideology†. Belief system works using language as it transmits culture; it goes about as an efficient collection of ideas that violates into an individual not just th... ...logical language as belief system. A similar arrangement of implications that characterizes the earthly world influences we all generally similarly. The entirety of our gathering is gotten into our manners of thinking through the equivalent â€Å"ideological† process as our experience with language. It is ideological in that the components are gotten overall, as a methodical group of creatures. To get the plenum of components is to get a belief system of sorts. Furthermore, this gathering is fundamental to ourselves as Visions, as watching out and understanding the world. There is a distinction between the acknowledgment of the implications in language and the acknowledgment of substance on the planet. In any case, this is gone before by an acknowledgment and a dream. Legendary social structures imagined by sociologists are words and just words. Philosophy and language are indivisible; they emerge and communicate with us experientially.

The Ultimate Guide to Marketing Myopia

The Ultimate Guide to Marketing Myopia Myopia â€" perhaps some of you may be familiar with this term but you may be wondering, how does it relate to marketing? For those of you who do not know, myopia describes the phenomenon of distant objects appearing very blurry. Some people just call it nearsightedness. So when you hear the word “Marketing Myopia”, what comes to mind? Is it the shortsightedness of marketing tactics? Failure to see the long-term goals of marketing schemes? Well the answer is yes and no. It is a little more complex and multi-layered than that description.Marketing Myopia is the title of a marketing paper written by Theodore Levitt that was published in the Harvard Business Review in 1960. According to the writer, businesses will do better in the end if they focus their attention on meeting customers’ needs rather than on selling products.This brings up the age-old debate of selling vs. marketing. Many people conflate the two terms. Selling is concerned with the needs of the seller and/or manufact urer whereas marketing is more concerned with satisfying the needs of the buyer and client. When you are selling, you are putting your efforts into creating the best product on the market (according to you) that will appeal to the broad spectrum of the target audience. When you are marketing, you are taking what you have made (not necessarily perfect) and tailoring it to appeal to a particular customer’s needs.Many businesses put far too much emphasis what they are creating and selling but fail to look at the bigger picture â€" what do my clients actually want?  Marketing Myopia is deals with the shortsighted nature of many companies who start strong but end up failing at the end. These companies seem to concentrate so much on immediate short-term gains that they lose sight of making profits and benefits in the long run.To give you a better idea of what Marketing Myopia is, we have compiled an extensive guide for you that goes over several talking points of marketing. By the end o f this, we hope to have clarified the mystery of marketing and made you open your eyes a little bit wider to see the bigger picture of long-term gains. © Shutterstock.com | Minerva StudioIn this guide, well explore 1) what is marketing myopia, 2) what are its causes, and 3) proven strategies to avoid or minimize marketing myopia in your business.MARKETING MYOPIAEvery year, thousands of products are launched, with a vast majority of them failing and never living to see the light of success. Levitt’s argument in his article was that companies sometimes take a narrow-minded approach to marketing, making only short-term goals and thinking about themselves and their products/services more than the needs and wants of their consumers.This results in companies failing to adapt to the market and it causes them to always play catch-up with the trends of the market. Instead, companies should clearly define their products by catering to the target audience and addressing their wants and needs rather than their own. Companies need to have a clear vision by being customer-oriented, always prioritizing the demands of the market above everything else.Theodore Levitt’s Marketing Myopia primarily uses the petroleum industry to describe the problems of nearsightedness in marketing. We will touch upon this particular case in an example in this article but we will also provide other examples from other industries to show more instances of shortsightedness in marketing by companies that have failed to adapt.We will look at various causes of marketing myopia below and give various examples to demonstrate how they can be very detrimental to any business.CAUSES OF MARKETING MYOPIAThere are plenty of reasons for companies to focus on the shortsighted nature of selling and experience its negative effects, rather than look at the longsighted nature of marketing. Suffering from this phenomenon is usually indicative of poor management. Good management will generally not look at things in short-term gains but instead look toward the long-term benefits. We will talk about this later.For now, let’s have a look at some of the causes of shortsighted marketing.Companies assume they are in a Growth IndustryWhat is a growth industry? Let’s look at some definitions of this term before we scrutinize and dissect it.“A growth industry is an expanding sector of an economy, or one growing much faster in comparison to the overall economy. It is also called a sunrise industry. It is the opposite of a mature industry.” â€" Business Dictionary“A growth industry is the sector of the economy experiencing a higher-than-normal growth rate. Growth industries are often associated with new or pioneer industries that did not exist in the past and their growth is related to the consumer demand for new product or services offered by firms within the same industry.” â€" InvestopediaIn essence, a business is doing extremely well in the economy and growing rapidly because it is doing something revolutionary or is pioneering the future can be considered to be in a growth industry. Well, at least the company thinks so. With the foll owing example, you will clearly see why companies who assume that their product or service is the be-all and end-all of solutions usually shoot themselves in the foot. Example â€" Dry CleaningWhile it may be hard to believe this in the year 2016, the dry cleaning business was actually once considered to be a growth industry with lavish prospects. In the mid-20th century, where most people wore garments made of wool, it was a wonderful and pleasant feeling of getting your garments safely and easily cleaned. At the time, it was really a lifesaver. Yet here we are in the 21st century and nobody is really talking about the dry cleaning industry. Why is that? Was there a better way of cleaning?Well, yes and no. The decline in dry cleaning came from the fact that clothes were now being made with alternative materials, such as cotton and polyester. Not many people wear suits made from wool anymore; many now wear t-shirts and clothes made from synthetic fibers or cotton, making them much ea sier to wash with water. Laundry has become very common nowadays and is much cheaper with a wider application range.Did the dry cleaning companies fail to see the trend of clothing? Did they fail by concentrating solely on cleaning wool garments? They were very shortsighted in their cleaning approach, only targeting wool garments but not aiming for cleaning all clothes. They did not adapt to the market and create laundries for customers to wash their non-wool clothes. Dry cleaners were soon challenged by laundries all over the world and these laundries have now taken over the garments cleaning industry.The Truth of Growth IndustriesLevitt famously said, “The reality of the matter is that there is no such thing as a growth industry. There are only companies organized and operated to create and capitalize on growth opportunities.”Many industries assume that they are on a sort of growth escalator but they always end up falling from their high seat. When you look at the history and statistics or every dying growth industry, there is a self-deceiving cycle of bountiful expansion and undetected decay.Companies believe there are no Competitive SubstitutesMany companies ride their early success, never imagining how rapidly their business will grow in a short span of time. This is very apparent in the railroad industry in the early 20th century. The following example will illustrate how companies that fail to define their business and neglect the possibility of substitutes are ultimately caught off guard.Example â€" Railroads and TrainsThe railroad lines are a classic case study presented by Levitt himself. The companies that were manufacturing trains fell into a steep decline because they thought they were in the rail business, but failed to realize they were actually in the transportation business. They were transporting people and freight across the country. Trains were a means of getting from point A to point B. In the early 20th century, it was the most reliab le and viable option. However, there were alternative means of transportation being offered by other companies, such as cars and trucks.Many railroad companies specifically branded their companies as being the best train manufacturers and kept on improving the speed and quality of their trains. Instead of branching out into other modes of transportation, such as cars, trucks, and airplanes, they allowed themselves to be superseded by other companies who were progressive thinking and provided more advanced means of transportation. By the mid-20th century, airplanes became more commonplace and nowadays, it is the preferred mode of travel if you want to journey very long distances in a short amount of time.Had the railroad companies adapted to the advancement in technology in transportation, they would have entered the vehicle market or the airplane market. Alas, they did not. We are not saying that the train industry is a dying one. It is perhaps not as popular or thriving as the plan e industry or the automobile industry, but it is still alive and kicking. However, we would like to point out that those companies had the chance to combat the competitors by entering those markets, too.Diversifying your operations may not seem intuitive all the time, but it keeps you current and makes your company relevant on all grounds. This is a classic case describing that you either must adapt to the times by satisfying your customers or get cast to the wayside by your competitors.Failure to Consider the Requirements of the ConsumerOftentimes, companies put a ton of effort, time, and money into their own products without considering the needs and desires of their consumers. Levitt said that instead of being business-centered, organizations should always be customer-oriented in order to win in the long run and survive in the market.Rather than saying, “We are making the best kind of product on the market so it will surely appeal to consumers,” you should be asking yourself, “How can we address the problems of our consumers?” Looking outward instead of inward is save you from being shortsighted by your own ambitions. For any business, it should be clear that the end consumers are always the most important assets and you must cater to what they want in order to stay relevant.Let’s look at an example of how a once famous company known for manufacturing mobile phones was quickly superseded by competitors.Example â€" Nokia’s Fall from GraceNot too long ago, back in the early 2000s, if you had asked people what phones they were using, they would have almost invariably said Nokia. Nokia, the Finnish mobile phone manufacturer, was the market share leader in their industry, releasing a variety of models every year, coming in various shapes and sizes. They made phones that allowed you to make phone calls, send texts, and even listen to music on the go. They introduced color displays, too. All of that sounds quite good, right? You would think that nothin g could go wrong, but you thought wrong.In January 2007, Steve Jobs announced the iPhone, the first smartphone from Apple. It garnered plenty of media attention and hype because it was touted to be “a computer in your pocket, a smart device in the palm of your hands.” Initially, nobody thought they wanted a computer in their pockets. You cannot blame them really. Computers just a decade ago were quite bulky.However, the promise of integration and simplicity is what people loved about the idea of a smartphone. Later that year, the iPhone was officially launched and as we all know, the rest is history. Apple took the mobile phone market by storm and many companies were already releasing their smartphones at around the same time. Companies like Samsung and Sony come to mind. Now there are other major Chinese smartphone manufacturers, such as HTC and One Plus, which are growing in popularity. However, there is one name missing â€" Nokia.Nokia failed to address the problems that user s were experiencing with their phones. Many reported that the software was very sluggish and the keypads were difficult to type on. Nokia had long ignored these issues and continued rolling out phones year in and year out. Granted, they were doing well for a number of years but ever since the later part of the last decade, they have not enjoyed anywhere near the same level of success. They failed to adopt Android, a modern and sleek operating system by Google, or even create their own to compete with Apple’s iOS.For a long time now, Nokia has been chasing the pack up ahead, still trying to find out how to get on the good side of consumers.[slideshare id=18410791doc=disruptiveinnovationsmartphonesandthedeclineofnokia-130408093809-phpapp02w=640h=330]Focusing more on Products and not on CustomersThe biggest problem plaguing companies is focusing entirely on mass production. A company will presume that since they have been performing so well, they can simply manufacture a large volume of products without tailoring them to the needs of the consumers. There is a lesson to be learnt here â€" always solve problems first, then go for mass production.According to the theory of mass production, you will be able to drive the unit cost down by producing more units. While that may be true, that is only fruitful if you can actually sell what you are producing. Imagine having a large inventory of products that you believe are exceptional and you fully believe that people will love them when they see it. You have totally neglected marketing and put too much attention on production.Marketing is one of the key pillars of success for any company. If you fail to see the bigger picture (how am I actually helping my customers with my products and/or services?), then you will simply make a large volume of goods that serve no purpose to the end consumers. Mass production promotes selling, but it does not look at the more important aspect of marketing.We have stated this before, and we cannot stress enough how important it is to know the difference between selling and marketing. This is the key difference a subpar company and a very successful one. Many companies fall under the illusion that their needs are more important than those of the consumers. That is exactly why those companies fail. If you look at all the successful tech companies, like Google, Facebook, and Samsung, they strive to put the needs of the customer first.Let’s look at an example where mass production has utterly failed.Example â€" The Detroit Automobile IndustryIn the very northern region of the United States of America lies a city famous for its automobile industry â€" Detroit, Michigan. The American automobile industry is famous because of several car manufacturers having plants in this city, e.g., Ford and Cadillac. We would argue that they are rather infamous for being the perpetrators of mass production.These companies assumed that they had to pump out a certain number of cars every year and that a vast majority of them would sell. That was true for a time, until many cars were imported from overseas, namely Japan, and then consumers had more options on their hands.American car manufacturers generally did not put too much effort on reducing fuel consumption. For them, the horsepower was very important and while they did have that edge over their competitors, many consumers did not care too much about that. American cars are known to be gas-guzzlers, burning a large amount of fuel. Consumers wanted to save money on fuel and they knew that the Japanese cars were much more fuel-efficient than the American ones. From an economic point of view, the customers naturally wanted to buy cars that saved them money on oil.This perfectly demonstrates the failure of American companies in conducting market research prior to producing the goods. We will talk about market research in depth later in the article but we do want to note that many of these companies from Detroit ma de some very false assumptions.They assumed their cars were selling well based on the sales volume and revenue. However, they never assessed it against their competitor’s sales revenue and volume back in their home country. This led to a major collapse in the automobile industry in Detroit that the city is still suffering from. On the other hand, Japan is thriving and flourishing in the automobile industry.Failure to Consider Changing Consumer Lifestyle in the Digital AgeAnother point to mention that catches many companies off guard is that they seem to fail to predict how the future will be. They fail to notice the changing consumer lifestyle in this digital age. They do not see the trends of the market, and this puts many companies in a precarious situation, thinking it would be safe to not worry so much about the future and focus only on the present situation of things.This leaves many companies wide open for competitors to swoop in and steal your customers right from under you r nose, all because you did not future-proof your brand.Failure of management is evident when an organization fails to foresee where the market will head in 10 years. 10 years is actually too long. Some companies cannot predict where the market will be headed even after 5 years! In today’s landscape, you need to be able to determine where the market is going in just 2 years! Trust us when we say that the market can be very erratic. You need to have a handle on what will happen just a couple of years later.Here is an example highlighting a company failing to consider the change in consumer lifestyle.Example â€" The Death of the Sony WalkmanIn the late 1990s, Sony released the CD Walkman, a portable music player that was an upgrade from the traditional cassette tape Walkman. In the 90s, CDs were gaining popularity and Sony wanted to double down on this invention and create a portable music player that could play CDs. They were already popular with cassette tapes, and now they were e ven appealing to people listening to music on CDs. Even in the early 2000s, Sony continued to sell Walkman. However, this is where a competitor came into the market and shook things up.In the year 2001, Apple launched the iPod, a portable music player that housed digital music files on a tiny device. That was unheard of at the time. To be able to listen to music that exist as digital files on a tiny player without the need for physical media was a revolutionary concept.Everybody knew how to rip music from a music CD, but there was no viable options of putting it on a portable device dedicated to playing music. Apple launched their product and Sony lost all of its momentum. Sony still had players relying on physical media, so their Walkman were large and bulky. On the other hand, the iPod was very small and lightweight, appealing to everybody.This shows that Sony failed to see the trend of listening to music digitally instead of carrying around tapes and CDs. In the technology, it is more important than ever to foresee the shift in customer behavior. If you cannot predict how customers will use technology to perform activities, then you will never be able to create products and services that take advantage of those technologies. The Walkman is a good example of that. The Myth of an Ever-Expanding PopulationThere is an age-old belief held by many industries that if the population continues to perpetually expand and becomes more affluent with the world economy improving, your market has naturally increased with more customers willing to pay. Companies have a false sense of security and do not worry much about the future if this assumption is indeed true.The keyword here is ‘IF’. If consumers are multiplying and they are able to buy more of your goods, then you have almost nothing to worry about in the future. The view that the market does not shrink but keeps on expanding is prevalent in some industries.According to Levitt, if a market continues to expand, th en there is practically no responsibility on the side of an organization to innovate and improve their product or service. With an increasing population, there is the illusion of no problems, arising from an increasing market, which leads to a lack of thinking to enhance products.Here is an example to show how falling for this trap can backfire and explode right in your face.Example â€" Oil and Gas CompaniesA very good example presented by Levitt to demonstrate the problem of relying on an increasing market size is considering oil and gas companies. These presumed to call themselves energy providers, providing non-renewable energy for people all over the world. While this was true for quite a number of years, there have been alternative sources of energy, such as nuclear energy, which are far more efficient. More importantly, there are renewable energy sources, like solar energy and wind energy, which are far more environmental friendly than their non-renewable counterpart.Oil and g as companies continue to live off petroleum, and that will surely not last for long. Sure, the population is increasing and more people need energy but the raw material, petroleum, is diminishing every year. Studies have shown that based on the current rate of consumption and the amount of existing petroleum sources, we can live off oil and gas energy for about another century.Not a long time at all. Many oil and gas companies simply focus their complete time, efforts, and money on refining the extraction process and finding ways of making it more efficient. That simply improves the product but it fails to address the bigger issue of diminishing raw materials and customers wanting to shift to renewable energy for health reasons.Consumers are more aware of the damage caused by energy production from fossil fuels and want to use alternative, environmental friendly sources of energy. In addition to having their homes powered by solar and wind energy, people now want their cars to be ru nning on electricity instead of fuel. We can see Tesla taking advantage of this and disrupting the automobile market with their electric cars. SolarCity, a partner company of Tesla, is planning to run houses entirely on solar energy.Many oil and gas companies did not foresee the future of alternative, renewable energy sources and are now facing many issues. There are more people in this world and they are perhaps getting richer, but they do not want fossil fuel energy due to its harmful side effects.If these companies fail to diversify their energy generation options, then they will fail to be in that industry. In fact, we can see it happening now in several European countries where they rely much more on renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, than on traditional ones. The US has not yet fully adapted these alternative energy sources but very soon, it will. When it does, then two of the largest and most powerful markets will be unavailable to oil and gas companies. This is the consequence of being unwilling to change.Excessive Dependence on Research and DevelopmentWhen it comes to companies specifically in the high-tech sector, they tend to rely heavily on research and development to create new and innovate products for consumers. When it comes to technology and engineering, the name of the game is innovation. We agree that it is necessary for a tech company to invent new things if they want to thrive but it must be done with the right intentions and motives.Many companies conduct a ton of research in labs and ask themselves, “What can we make that people will want to buy and use?” Instead, they should be asking themselves, “What do our customers want to buy and use?” These two questions are vastly different. The former is more concerned with what a company can do to make a superior product or the ‘next big thing’ whereas the latter is more concerned with finding out what consumers actually want. The former is product-oriented and the latter is customer-oriented. If there is one thing you take out of this entire report, your business must be customer-oriented to avoid experiencing marketing myopia.If the top management of an organization includes many scientists and engineers, then they will most likely be in favor of dealing with controllable variables. Engineers love the defined nature of machines, production lines, and balance sheets. However, the market is not so well defined. Customers are very unpredictable, fickle, and varied, always changing their minds with what they really like and want. To this end, many engineers ignore this and focus only on the definite variables. We will see this in action in the upcoming example.Electronics are the best way to demonstrate this particular problem of marketing myopia and we have a very good example for you.Example â€" Google GlassWe all know Google, the world’s most popular search engine. It has become ubiquitous, with billions of people around the world usin g this search engine to find information online. Google is such a large and famous corporation that it has become a verb in our lexicon! “Google this. Google that.” You cannot say the same with other tech corporations on the planet; none of them are as successful as Google.For over two decades, Google was renowned for being a search engine and in 2014, they wanted launch the Google Glass, a pair of high-tech eyeglasses that will serve as an optical head-mounted display. If you play video games, you will know that a heads-up display is a screen displaying various information of objects and people around you. Imagine having that in real life by wearing Google Glass.Google was riding the success of its search engine and email service, Gmail, and attempted to continue that success with hardware instead of software. They were under the illusion that a product will sell itself because of the brand name associated with it. Because Google rose to prominence by creating a superior search engine in the past, they took the same approach with Google Glass, believing that their product is superior to everything else on the market. They heavily invested in research and development to create a pair of glasses that will serve as a computer right in front of your eyes. Google believed that continued product innovationwould result in continued growth.This could not be further from the truth. After launching in 2014, Google Glass was met with mostly negative reviews from users and due to safety and privacy concerns. Moreover, not many people wanted to wear a pair of high-tech eyeglasses that gave them information by looking at objects or people. As revolutionary as the product was, it was not well received by consumers because they had no interest in it.This is a classic example describing that just because something is very advanced and cutting-edge, it does not mean that it will sell well. Google Glass did not resonate with consumers because it failed to give them any actu al utility. It was a good idea on Google’s part but that is all it was â€" a good idea. Google concentrated so much on selling this high-tech device that they overlooked the usefulness of it.When companies invest more money on scientific research than on market research, then chances are they will fail to address the needs of the consumer. This was quite evident with the Google Glass. STRATEGIES TO AVOID OR MINIMIZE MYOPIANow that you know about the major causes of companies falling into the trap of marketing myopia, you need to take precautionary measures to avoid them, or at the very least minimize its adverse effects. You do not want to take a shortsighted approach to marketing.Marketing must always be a long-term plan that is not as superficial as selling. If you follow these strategies, your company will surely survive in the competitive market.Have a Clear VisionIt takes far more than good intentions and promotional tricks to have a successful business. Those may be great se lling tactics but they are not necessarily good marketing ones. In order to be a marketing-centric firm, a company needs to have its top management be very good leaders.These leaders must make decisions with a clear vision in mind for the organization. At times, a company may have to sacrifice short-term gains in order to attain something great in the long run. Long-term gains is the name of the game and when a firm takes measures to define its business, then it can easily adapt to the requirements of the market.In order to clearly predict the position of your company in the future, you have to do much more than simply survive; you must find a way to thrive. When leaders of a team have the drive and will to succeed and live and breathe success, then they can be called visionaries. Who are the visionaries of the modern era? Think of Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg, and even the late Steve Jobs.Examples â€" Visionaries that make their Business SuccessfulElonMusk is the CEO of Tesla Motors, an automobile and energy production company that manufactures electric cars and battery products. He envisions a world where everyone will drive electric cars and power their houses with electric batteries. He has a clear vision for his company and the future of the world.Mark Zuckerberg is he CEO of Facebook, the world’s largest social networking site. He wants everyone on every corner of the globe to be interconnected by establishing connections as well as sharing stories and memories.The late Steve Jobs was the CEO of Apple and he envisages a world where everybody will use technology to enrich their lives. With products like the iPod, iPhone, and iPad, he was responsible for making these products a household name all over the world.While these examples of visionaries may be over-the-top in terms of their expectations and world-changing mindset, sometimes that is what it takes to be a successful company in this age. However, you can also be part of a small business and still ma ke a difference in your local community. As long as your vision is clear, then you will know what to expect down the road and you will be able to achieve it.Be Customer-oriented, not Product-orientedWe have emphasized this point several times throughout this article because we believe it is the most significant criteria of being a successful company in the future. You must be a customer-oriented, also known as market-oriented, company that creates products and services that the market wants to consume.Focus on the needs of the consumer and you will naturally cast a wider net to appeal to a larger audience. Focus on the requirements of the product and you will quickly realize that your expectations of a great product may not meet the ever-changing demands of the market.Here an example to help you see how marketing the same product in two different ways (customer-oriented vs. product-oriented) may result in varied results.Example â€" LotionNivea is a personal care brand that specializ es in making skin and body care products, like creams and lotions. They are one of the largest producers of personal hygiene products in the world. They were able to get to their position by targeting the needs of their market rather than flaunting their products around aimlessly.For instance, when you see advertisements or commercials for Nivea body lotion, you will see that they use words like “Great for oily skin”, “Made for dry skin”, or “This lotion makes your skin silky, smooth, and hydrated.” This is a good example of a company taking the marked-oriented approach by addressing the problems of people’s skin and giving them some solutions to counter it and make it better.Had Nivea taken a more product-oriented approach, then they may have used words like “Our lotion is made with 100% natural ingredients”, or “This lotion uses coconut extracts.” While those are impressive features of a lotion, they fail to address the issues of consumers â€" “How do I mak e my skin feel smoother?”Marketing is more important than SellingThe above example on lotion branding demonstrates the effectiveness of marketing your products aimed at the needs of customers versus selling your products based on its qualities. Yes, we do not deny that there are customers who buy products based primarily on its qualities and features. However, a vast majority of consumers for the most part purchase goods based on whether the products actually help them.If a product or service does not provide any kind of utility or benefit to the end consumers, then odds are they will not buy it and your business will suffer from a tremendous loss. How can your business determine the needs of consumers prior to creating products or services? Well this is where market research comes into play.Conduct comprehensive Market ResearchIn order to truly understand the things that people want, you need to ask them directly. Conducting surveys and sending customer feedback emails go a long way in acquiring a deeper insight into the mind of consumers. In this digital age, it has become common to ask questions via social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook.Many companies even have their own blogs and forums where they ask customers and users questions like “What would you like to see us improve in our products and services?” When you are engaging with your target audience, it shows that you actually care about the market’s needs and wants much more than your own.Take all of that feedback into consideration when creating your next product and use it as input to deliver a much better output tailored to the market. The market is very fickle so you need to conduct market research every year to see where the trend is going. There is a lot of investment involved in researching the market, but will likely result in large profits because you know what people want.Rather than spending large amounts of money on RD to design a product you think is excellent, consult wi th marketers to understand how you can create a product that people want.Use the insights from the following presentation on understanding your customers. Be aware of the Competition and use your ResourcesOne of the key lessons you should take away from all of the examples listed in this report is that in order to be a successful company for a long amount of time, you must be aware of your competition. Being complacent and resting on your laurels is a sure-fire way of being supplanted by another company that took the effort to be daring and innovative.There are instances of several companies being the market leader for some period of time but because they were arrogant, they were replaced by another company. Some companies believe that what they are offering is the best because consumers are buying it by the bulk and will continue to do so for years and years. That is the biggest misconception that plagues many poor top management boards of many companies.If you want to be a big pla yer in your industry, then you need to make great efforts in knowing what your competitors are up to. Investigate your competitor’s successful marketing strategies and determine whom their products it was aimed at and why it worked so well. You can actually learn a lot from other companies who have been around the block a few times. Leverage their experience, the good ones and the bad ones, and modify it or create one from scratch that incorporates some of their marketing elements.Granted, many organizations keep their corporate news and events under wraps, so you cannot rely solely on your competitors for some information. Fortunately, there are entire websites, blogs, and industry analyses devoted to tracking changes in the market. You should definitely exhaust all of these options to extract as much information as you can on the trends of the market.Consulting experts regularly will keep you up-to-date on the requirements and expectations of consumers. Of course, all of this is forecasted data based on past data, so you may have to take it with a grain of salt. Though it is not conclusive evidence, the projected data generally shows a trend going in a particular direction. Sometimes you have to go with your gut instinct and make a move.If you wait too long, then there is always the possibility that you will miss your window of opportunity. Before somebody else take it, you need to make your mark on your consumers.Diversify your Business to Safeguard your FutureI am sure many have given you some life advice such as, “Do not bite off more than you can chew” or “Jack of all trades is the master of none.” Perhaps you took these to heart and played by these rules in your personal life. While they may work in your personal life, they have no place in the real world of competitive businesses and marketing.If you look at several mega corporations, you will see that they are like conglomerates with various departments for producing a variety of goods. Thes e businesses have become empires because they diversified their options.Diversification is a great business idea that you should definitely consider if you want to avoid marketing myopia. When you evolve from your cocoon, you can spread your wings and realize that your business has so much more offer. Do not be so one-dimensional and linear; try to be three-dimensional by offering various products and services to consumers.Here is an example of a company that decided to diversify their product range to take their company to the next level.Example â€" NikeIn the mid-20th century, an American shoe manufacturer rose in prominence when they made track running shoes for athletes in the 1960 Summer Olympics. Their target audience were sports professionals and athletes who needed shoes for their sports. They started with running shoes but soon created cleats and basketball shoes for football and basketball, respectively. They eventually started to face stiff competition from Adidas, a majo r European shoe manufacturer. Nike could have eithercontinued to design only shoes or diversify their business. They chose the latter and they have reaped the benefits since then.Nike started to manufacture sports apparel (like jerseys, shorts, and t-shirts), as well as sports equipment to appeal to a broader audience with a much wider range of products and accessories. Adidas followed suit but it was a tad bit late as they have always played second fiddle to Nike. Nike has been the market leader in sports apparel and gear for several years now, holding a sizeable market lead over its competitors.This example shows that when you diversify your products and understand what industry you are in, then you will not be shortsighted by your competitors and fall victim. Nike realized that they were much more than a shoe manufacturer; Nike realized they were a sports gear manufacturer. Diversification leads to market expansion, thereby preventing marketing myopia. Nike learned to evolve and they are still evolving to this day. The adapted to meet customers’ needs.Disruptive InnovationA form of innovation that has proven to work wonders in the world of marketing is disruptive innovation. Many established corporations sell their products and services at a high price to their consumer base who have been loyal to them for quite some time. However, there are many who cannot afford to pay such a large sum of money for something they need. They look for cheaper alternatives that provide them the same utility at a much lower cost. This is where a startup company can step in and establish their presence that will last a very long time.Many startups or small businesses offer products or services so innovative and groundbreaking that they create a new market by disrupting the current existing marketing. They evaluate what the technological trend is and observe what customers want and come up with a product that is unlike anything else their competitors are offering. It is a hug e gamble because you have almost no reference point but being a trendsetter and the “first of a kind” in the industry can work wonders for you.Your vision can lie solely in how your consumers will benefit immensely from using your product. We have stated before that it is better to be customer-oriented than product-oriented to avoid marketing myopia. However, disruptive innovation is the fusion of the two and creates dynamic products that actually address the problems of consumers.Let’s look at an example of how disruptive innovation can work in your favor.Example â€" Digital Music DownloadsUp until the middle of the last decade, many music aficionados would buy music CDs or tapes when they wanted to listen to their favorite music. They would then rip the music from the disks, store it on their computer, and listen to them. This presented a major problem. They still needed to buy physical media to listen to music. With the world becoming digital, there had to be a way to buy m usic digitally. This is where Apple stepped in with an ingenious idea of a digital music store called the iTunes Store, where people can purchase music at the price of $1 per song.This totally disrupted the market because record labels and music studios at the time were only used to releasing physical media when it came to music. The iTunes Store came in and gave people an alternative they were looking for at a very low price in comparison to the CDs. Not too long after that, Spotify joined in on the action with its music store app.Spotify has the added benefit that you could listen to music for free! This disrupted the competition even further because until Spotify, there were only paid options to download music legally. Now, an app was letting people listen to music free of charge! Spotify made physical media irrelevant when it came to music. For the past few years, it has reigned supreme as the number 1 choice from which music lovers listen to songs.This is a good example of how a disruptive innovative product or service can totally change the landscape of an industry. As you may notice, there are fewer music CDs at stores these days because most people are buying their music online or listening to it free of cost.Spotify and iTunes had a common vision â€" To see a world where digital media is commonplace. They made that dream come true.CONCLUSIONFor a company to experience continuous growth in today’s ever-changing landscape of business, it must concentrate on satisfying customers’ needs rather than selling products. Organizations must attempt to continually adapt to best meet customer needs in order to compete in a new industry. By being customer-oriented, an organization will naturally experience an increase in sales volume and revenue. Being shortsighted is detrimental in marketing. You must always think long-term and play for the end game to be successful.We have listed quite a few examples from Apple in this article. There is a good reason for thi s. If you look at all of their products, you will see that they are not necessarily the best products on the market. Nevertheless, they sell very well. Why is that? It is because they are marketed very well. Apple’s marketing team is one of the best in the business, especially in the electronics and high-tech industry. You can learn a lot from their marketing campaigns and strategies.We would like to leave you with an important quote from Theodore Levitt’s Marketing Myopia that succinctly states what your business should do to avoid myopia â€"“Organizations must learn to think of themselves not as producing goods or services but as buying customers, as doing the things that will make people want to do business with it.” If you meet human needs, then you will always evolve and improve with a long-term goal of satisfying customers and not just selling things.

The Effects Of Social Media On Corporate Bad News And A...

Social media has become prominently popular. Tens of millions of users login to social media sites like Twitter to disseminate breaking news and share their opinions and thoughts. For businesses, social media is potentially useful for monitoring the public perception and the social reputation of companies and products. Despite great potential, how bad news about a company influences the public sentiments in social media has not been studied in depth. The aim of this study is to assess people’s sentiments in Twitter upon the spread of two types of information: corporate bad news and a CEO’s apology. We attempted to understand how sentiments on corporate bad news propagate in Twitter and whether any social network feature facilitates its†¦show more content†¦Nowadays, however, the public expects companies to apology promptly (within 24 hours) and response directly via social media—the channel in which a crisis occurs. One of the first companies to experience a serious and global damage in its reputation due to the spread of bad news in social media is Domino’s Pizza. The crisis started when two employees produced and uploaded a vulgar YouTube video in 2009. Within a few days, the video gained more than half a million views, major news media covered the event, and people started to discuss the incident on social media. Domino’s soon released a YouTube video where its CEO apologized and explained the situation. We paid attention to the Domino’s crisis in Twitter, because from the beginning to the end the medium played a central role in spreading both the bad news and the apology. First, the crisis started in YouTube, but soon it was picked up by users in various social media sites. Twitter was one of the key places where discussions took place. Based on our estimation, more than 15,000 Twitter users posted a message about the event, Second, Domino’s apologized on Twitter by sharing a link to its CEO’s apology on YouTube. This study makes three contributions. First, we demonstrate the benefits of analyzing the actual social media conversations on a crisis situation. Before social media existed, it was extremely

Mira Nair s Monsoon Wedding - 1560 Words

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Effects Of Gambling On A Compulsive, Progressive Disorder

Despite the fact that there is only a vague understanding of the way gambling behaviors progress, chronic gambling is viewed as a compulsive, progressive disorder. Recent studies suggest that the behavioral aspect of gambling is comparable to other addictive habits such as alcoholism, drug addiction, and tobacco use. Due to the comparison to other deviant behaviors, there is a significant level of stigma attached to gambling. The data suggests the onset of behavior results from low socioeconomic status, socio-cultural factors, environmental aspects, and parental gambling elements that led to the introduction of gambling and hinder treatment and recovery seeking behavior. Chronic gamblers are regarded as being a minority of certain â€Å"types of people† therefore labeled and stigmatized. The process of labeling has negative effects, which lead to social distancing, negative emotional reactions, and status loss. 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Perspectives On Development Global Change †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Are The Important Factors Of Globalization That Influence The Diary Industries In New Zealand? What Are The Results Of The Impact Of Globalization On Diary Industries In New Zealand? How To Improve And Maintain The Diary Industry In New Zealand From The Perspective Of Globalization? Answers: Introduction Globalization is a process that helps businesses and organizations to develop an international operation or influence on the global economy and to reach beyond the local and national markets and arrive at to the international markets (Beck, 2015). The effect of globalization is increasing global trade and integration of domestic or local economy, industry as well as culture around the globe. The integration has been possible due to technological advancement, transportation, communication flexibility, and increase capabilities of the world trade (Roberts, Hite Chorev, 2014). Globalization has its effect on the New Zealands economy and industries as well. New Zealand is the eighth largest milk producer in the world and produces 2.2% of the world diary production (Dcanz.com, 2017). The aim of the research proposal is to understand the impact of globalization on the diary industries in New Zealand. Background of the Study New Zealand uses globalization policies to increase its diary marketing on the international periphery and in that way, it has been increasing the economic scenario of the state. The exposure for the industries to the global competition has aim to grow, innovate and consolidate with time and it has diversified its exports around or even more than hundred global markets. However, later on due to restructuring of the dairy industries, state regulatory act and the transactional corporation has shaped and influenced on the pattern of the economic globalization in New Zealand (Dcanz.com, 2017). However, if the New Zealand uses the strategies of global economy on its diary industries the effect would be more flouring business and economy in those industries. Background of the Diary Industries in New Zealand Diary is the part of New Zealands heritage and history. The first export of the butter and cheese has started in 1842 to its closest neighboring country Australia and subsequently Britain (Cgge.aag.org, 2017). The diary processing industry first was established in New Zealand around 1875. In 1882, the first refrigerated butter was exported by shipping. From this time onwards, the diary industries have followed a growth path. The Dairy industry Restructuring Act in 2001 has influenced the industries regulatory framework and been contributing to the growth of the industries (Dcanz.com, 2017). In New Zealand, the local farmers or the farmers cooperatives process most milk; however, the industry has been becoming increasingly diverse due to globalization and resulting in increased number of local and multinational or global diary industries, which are operating actively in New Zealand. Rational of the Study The issue of the research is the globalization and its impact on diary industries in New Zealand. This has been become an issue due to overall growth of technological advancement, transportation and communication flexibility and increase capabilities of the world trade, which resulted in globalization (Beck, 2015). New Zealand was known in the world for its dairy products and shares a heritage. In the context of globalization, the New Zealands diary industries have the influence and impact. The recent data is stating that New Zealand exports almost 95% of its diary production and the top markets are United States, China, United Arab Emirates, Japan and Australia (Cgge.aag.org, 2017). As the number of markets and international export have been increasing for New Zealands Diary industries due to globalization, this has been become an issue now. The research will focus on the impact of globalization on the diary industries in New Zealand and how this impact has helped in the economy of New Zealand, what are the factors of globalization for the impact and how New Zealand has integrated those factors for the global marketing. The research will also provide scope for the future study regarding this topic. Problem Statement The problem that arises with the impact of globalization on the New Zealands diary industries is that it should look into the competitive factors in the global markets as other companies from the same industry are also exposing. The research aims at evaluating the impact of globalization on the diary industries in New Zealand. Research Objectives The objectives are, To analysis, the important factors of globalization that influence the diary industries in New Zealand. To measure the result of the impact of globalization on diary industries in New Zealand. To provide recommendation to the diary industries for maintaining and improvement in the context of globalization. Significance of the study This study will help the diary industries to understand the factors and findings of the impact of globalization on the industries in New Zealand. Moreover, this research will provide a path to the industrialists for future aspect of operating the business removing the challenges of the global impact on the industry. The Concept of Globalization The concept of globalization is not new; rather people from different parts of the world bought and sold materials across the borders. However, due to technological and policy development in recent years, the cross border trade has reached into a new economic development. The new concept of globalization can be stated like this: it is a procedure of integration and interaction among people, organizations and governments beyond political boundaries and driven by global trade and economic investment (Beck, 2015). The growth in the information technology has aided the process of globalization. Chorev has used some adjectives to describe the term in todays world; those are the farther, cheaper, faster and deeper (Roberts, Hite Chorev, 2014). However, the opponents of globalization assert that due to free market policy in globalization it has benefitted the western worlds multinational organizations that have been exploiting the local enterprises, common people and local cultures (Beck, 2015). Therefore, resistance to globalization has taken shape at Governmental levels that are trying to manage the current flow of labors, goods, capital and ideas in globalization. Marxist Theory of Globalization The globalization theory from the Marxists point of view can be described. The Marxists has accepted the fact that globalization happed due to improvement of connectivity that enhances the opportunities of surplus accumulation and profit making. They stated that globalization is the result of capitalist development that is historically specific in nature and due the development the United States is dominating and in the position of Hegemony in the global market (Scott, 2013). The west-focused cultural dominance is present in the world. The globalization has not reduced the class struggle and accumulation of capital, which is the central focus of the Marxism (Hovden Keene, 2016). Liberalist Theory of Globalization From the perspective of liberalism, the globalization is the process led by market extension of modernization. Liberalism stresses on the necessity to construct institutional infrastructure for supporting globalization. They state that the process of globalization is the result of human desire that has come naturally for political liberty and economic welfare (Hovden Keene, 2016). The growth in connectivity due to globalization has increased the material well-being and exercise of basic freedom of the human beings, which would eventually interlink the humanity across the globe. The process of globalization lead to the technical standardization, guarantees of the property rights, inter-state administrative harmonization and inter-lingual communication improvement (Hovden Keene, 2016). Current Market Situation of Diary Industries on a Global Perspective The highest amount of milk is produced from India on the global basis; however, domestic consumption of the diary products is major occurrence in India (Shortt O'Brien, 2016). It is Europe, which is in the second position, followed by United States of America, New Zealand and Australia. Europe, United States of America, New Zealand and Australia are the largest exporters of the dairy products in the world. New Zealand was the biggest exporter in 2015. It has exported around 500,000 Tons of table butter. Europe was in the second position among the exporters, exporting 185,000 Tons of table butter. Russia, Mexico and China are the largest importers of the dairy products internationally (Gould, 2012). The international dairy market can be divided into 17 product segments: Fluid Milk, Flavored Milk, UHT Milk, Table Butter, Cream, Ghee, Skimmed Milk Powder, Anhydrous Milk Fat, Whole Milk Powder, Casein Powder, Whey Protein, Lactose Powder, Yogurt, Cheese, Cottage Cheese, Probiotic Dairy Products and Ice Cream. Asia is the biggest consumer of the fluid milk, which is the largest dairy product segment (Idfa.org, 2017). According to the World Diary Situation Report published by International Dairy Federation in 2016 the challenges faced by the diary industry are price hike of milk, which was the problem faced by dairy industry for the past two years; however, the price is now low (Idfa.org, 2017). The global demand is increasing day-by-day due dairy consumption growth with the world population growth. Factors of Globalization that has influenced the Dairy Industries of New Zealand New Zealand is one of the major dairy exporter and producer in the world. As the international demand for the dairy products is increasing, it has cast a positive effect on New Zealands dairy industry, making it a trading zone, which is beneficial for the farmers, producers and national economy. The Dairy Industry Restructuring Act (DIRA), which has been passed in 2001, has influenced effectively the global dairy business in New Zealand (Legislation.govt.nz, 2017). It has authorized the sole establishment of the Fonterra, which is a multinational co-operation of New Zealand. It is the sixth largest dairy cooperation in the world and worlds biggest exporter (Bodie, 2013). Fonterras business policy includes New Zealand, Australia and 50 other countries. Another issue that has influenced the dairy industries in New Zealand is New Zealand-China Free Trade Agreement, which has enabled the dairy export of New Zealand to China. In 2014, New Zealand has exported 40% of its total production to china (Mfat.govt.nz, 2017). Other common issues of globalization that has cast impact on New Zealands dairy industries are communication flexibility due to advancement of technology and transport. The Fonterra Cooperatives in New Zealand exports more than 100 sites other than New Zealand in the world (Hirst, Thompson Bromley, 2015). In this particular case of Fonterra, it has been possible to explore the global market of dairy business due to impact of globalization that has allowed flexible communication and transportation. Impact of Globalization on Dairy Industry Due to globalization, the total production of the dairy industry has been increasing with more demand from domestic and international markets. Even, the current situation is like that the demand is more than the production, however, the traditional sources for supplying the dairy products cannot fulfill the demand, therefore more production is required (Damron Damron, 2013). It can be assumed that Brazil, Ukraine, which is the low-cost and new supply centers of the dairy products will dominate the market in recent years if there is lesser supply than the demand. On the contrary, the negative impact of globalization on the dairy industries is it has started to crate environment pollution on the major produced countries. Milk is produced majorly from cows and buffalos. The waste of cows and buffalos create environment pollution (Glover et al., 2014). Due to effect of globalization on the dairy industry, there is more need for milk production around the world and to fulfill this demand some growth hormones are injected to the animals, which has adverse effect on human health. However, Japan, the European Union, Australia, Canada and New Zealand have banned the growth hormones use from this concern (Damron Damron, 2013). Research methodology is a method through which a researcher can design his research in a suitable manner (Flick, 2015). The third chapter of the dissertation is Research Methodology. It concerns with the various methodology that the researcher has undertaken to conduct his research. Research Method Outline For accomplish this specific study, the researcher has employed with various tools, which have assisted him to get his results in a satisfactory form. The researcher has chosen Marxism and Liberalism as his research philosophy. Deductive method would be his research approach. The approach would help the researcher to concentrate on the existing theories related to his research. The research design would be descriptive or analytical design method (Flick, 2015). For the research strategy, the researcher has chosen survey method and interview procedure. Research philosophy Research philosophy is a series of opinions. The two research philosophies are the Marxism and Liberalism. These philosophies would help the researcher to expand the characteristics of the study by implementing an extensive analysis of those various theories. Marxism helps to identify the problem of the study whereas Liberalism helps to identify the positive side and advantages of the research study. This method would assist the researcher to inspect the present market condition, which in return would give the wider perspective for conducting the research process. Research Approach The deductive and inductive are the two kinds of research approaches that would be presented here. The deductive approach concerns with the existing theories and the inductive approach focuses on new approach with theories (Panneerselvam, 2014). These are the only ways to approach the topic in a suitable manner. Research Design The researchers follow three basis research designs; those are, descriptive or analytical, exploratory and explanatory research designs (Matthews, 2014). The descriptive design helps the researcher undergoing with various approaches in a descriptive or detailed manner. The explanatory aids him to expand the connectivity between the two existing variables of the study. The exploratory research design helps the researcher to supervise the initial steps of the research, which would be based on the hypothesis that are constructed by the researcher. Research strategy: The research strategy is a method to plan the research in a appropriate direction. Case studies focus group, survey methods, interview procedure can be the research strategies. However, if it is necessary to gather data from a larger group of candidate it would be survey method and interview (Bryman Bell, 2014). This procedure will provide the views and perspectives of the retailers, business associates, end consumers and the other important factors of the industries. Selection of Sampling Methods and Sample size: The probability and non-probability sampling techniques are the two sampling methods that are done by the researcher. For gaining better comprehension of the topic, the researcher has employed a simple but random sampling technique (Flick, 2015). For this purpose, 80 samples survey have been done among the customers of any dairy product, produced from New Zealands dairy industry and the researcher has interviewed three business associates of the dairy industry. Data collection method The researcher gains primary data, which is the information from the different surveys and the interviews. This information has to be very authentic and should have ability to provide a comprehensive approach to the research. The secondary data is the information, which is already accessible in a printed version or any other means (Matthews Ross, 2014). Data analysis: Data analysis has been conducted in a form of tables and charts that would help to understand better the deduced data. To evaluate the quantitative data the numerical digits have been transformed into percentages and then they have been demonstrated in various charts, graphs and tables. Apart from that descriptive statistics have been used to calculate the mean, median, mode and the standard deviation of the findings. Transcript of the business associates speech has been processed to estimate the qualitative data and after that, it has to be analyzed well. A thematic analysis of the study has been conducted for interview analysis of the business associates. Research ethical consideration: A strict ethical guidance is to be followed for conducting the research (Panneerselvam, 2014). It should be kept in mind that no one is facing any kind of forced participation while conducting the survey among the customers. In addition to that, it should be always an option for the candidates who want to leave their participation at any time, in accordance with their convenience. The survey should be conducted for academic activities only (Panneerselvam, 2014). It should not be any ways of promotional activity. The survey paper is not holding any kind of logo or symbol of any diary industries of New Zealand. 3.11 Time horizon Main activity 1st month and 2nd month 3rd month 4th month and 5th month 6th month, 7th month and 8th month 9th month Survey of the market Identification of user of internet Deciding the way to implement the promotion on these segmented group Implementing the marketing method Monitor References Beck, U. (2015).What is globalization?. John Wiley Sons. Bodie, Z. (2013).Investments. McGraw-Hill. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2014).Research methodology: Business and management contexts. Oxford University Press Southern Africa. Cgge.aag.org. (2017).Global Economy case study: How does the dairy industry operate in the global economy?.Cgge.aag.org. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://cgge.aag.org/GlobalEconomy1e/CaseStudy1_New%20Zealand%20Dairy_Sep10/Dairy_Sep10_print.html Damron, W. S., Damron, W. S. (2013).Introduction to animal science: global, biological, social, and industry perspectives. Dcanz.com. (2017).Dairy Farming Industry Milk Production History NZ | DCANZ.Dcanz.com. Retrieved 15 September 2017, from https://www.dcanz.com/about-the-nz-dairy-industry/ Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Glover, J. L., Champion, D., Daniels, K. J., Dainty, A. J. D. (2014). An Institutional Theory perspective on sustainable practices across the dairy supply chain.International Journal of Production Economics,152, 102-111. Gould, B. W. (2012). Understanding dairy markets. Zu finden in https://future. aae. wisc. edu/tab/prices. html[zitiert am 19.02. 1013]. Hirst, P., Thompson, G., Bromley, S. (2015).Globalization in question. John Wiley Sons. Hovden, E., Keene, E. (Eds.). (2016).The globalization of liberalism. Springer. Idfa.org. (2017). Retrieved 16 September 2017, from https://www.idfa.org/docs/default-source/d-news/world-dairy-situationsample.pdf Legislation.govt.nz. (2017).Dairy Industry Restructuring Act 2001 No 51 (as at 01 March 2016), Public Act Contents New Zealand Legislation.Legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 18 September 2017, from https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2001/0051/latest/DLM106751.html Matthews, B., Ross, L. (2014).Research methods. Pearson Higher Ed. Mfat.govt.nz, N. (2017).NZ-China FTA upgrade.New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 18 September 2017, from https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/trade/free-trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements-in-force/nz-china-free-trade-agreement Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Roberts, J. T., Hite, A. B., Chorev, N. (Eds.). (2014).The globalization and development reader: Perspectives on development and global change. John Wiley Sons. Scott, A. (Ed.). (2013).The limits of globalization. Routledge. Shortt, C., O'Brien, J. (Eds.). (2016). Handbook of functional dairy products. CRC Press.

My Blanket free essay sample

Money, jewelry, puppies, lovers—most people rank these items high on their lists of â€Å"My Favorite Thing.† But not me. My favorite item in the world is â€Å"Beibei.† I can’t live without her; she’s as important as oxygen to me. Beibei is my blanket, white and soft and sweet-smelling. When I touch Bei-Bei, it’s like touching clothes fresh from the dryer, warm, fluffy, scented with â€Å"Snuggle.† Beibei has always seemed to have a magic power that attracts and soothes me: When I was born, my parents covered me with her to quiet my crying. They say I would tuck my chin into Beibei’s folds and grip her corners in my tiny fingers. Even now, I find it almost impossible to sleep without Beibei. One time, I forgot to take Beibei when I traveled to Australia. Every night was a nightmare. I didn’t enjoy that trip. I love Beibei’s smell; it keeps me calm and happy. We will write a custom essay sample on My Blanket or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But my family hates Beibei’s smell; it’s like sweaty socks to them. When they smell her, they throw her across the room. The only person who agrees with me is my brother. He loves Beibei’s smell because he once had a blanket, too. Unfortunately, it fell apart. Sometimes, I share Beibei’s smell with him. Even though I love the smell, I want my family to accept Beibei. So I decided to wash her. (It took me a week to make this decision.) My mother was so happy and volunteered to help. I had two rules, however. First, Beibei can’t be washed in the washing machine. She needs to be washed by hands or she’ll fall apart. Second, Beibei can’t be thrown into the dryer or she’ll shrink. After Beibei was cleaned, my family finally accepted her. No one throws Beibei away and treats her like a pernicious disease. Beibei—my blanket—is my favorite item in the world. I can’t live without her. She’s a part of my body. When she hurts, I feel pain, too.

In the Lake of the Woods By Tim OBrien

In the Lake of the Woods By Tim OBrien " 'Hey Sorcerer,' Weatherby said. The guy started to smile, but Sorcerer shot him." What kind of dark situations could entice a man to shoot a comrade? This is what Tim O'Brien suggests in his novel, In the Lake of the Woods. As O'Brien previous works also have presented, this book deals a lot with Vietnam and the seemingly dark consequences that can distort reality for veterans. He speaks of the reaction of a broken man whose wife runs off, and no one can find her. At that point, the darkness is only just beginning.John Wade is a very confused and utterly saddened man. As a man held highly in respect by his peers, he was a member of the Minnesota State Senate. He ran for the United States Senate a couple of years later, only to be shot down by a form of slander. Somebody discovered that Wade had been part of a group of soldiers that brutally massacred women and children in Vietnam.The Wall Street JournalAfter that, being completely distraught and almost crazy, Wade shot a friend and fellow soldier, PFC Weatherby. After this was discovered, Wade was defeated in a landslide in the election for the Senate. His wife, Kathy, and he went to a cabin out in Lake in the Woods, in order to get away from all of the media attention. This is when the darkness appeared once again."Kathy did not write back for several weeks. And then she sent only a postcard: 'A piece of advice. Be careful with the tricks. One of these days, you'll make me disappear.'" This was written to John while he was stationed in Vietnam, and he often performed magic tricks for the troops, of which he learned from his father, who had tragically hanged himself in...

Contract management and contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Contract management and contract law - Essay Example In a capitalist world, the law of contract essentially forms a major portion of the society we live in. It is the realm of deliberate agreement and collaboration, to be more specific, contract deals with the activities like exchange and bargain. The purpose of the act of Contracts is to create possibilities, or to assist this action. It helps two or more parties in the function of arranging for the future plans by shielding the anticipations that take place from the process of bargaining. In the process of forming a contract the parties require a lawfulstructure which will provide them with a conventional, consistent, steadyfoundation for theconcealedcategorization of their affairs. Agreements between two or more parties turn into a contract with the intervention of law. A legal contract comprises of five essential elements without which the contract is referred to as invalid. In the following sections we will discuss the various scenarios related to the benefit of the procuring part y as well as we will discuss about the Sale of Goods Act, INCOTERMS and the transfer of risk to the supplier from the viewpoint of the UK Contract Act. Answer 1 The procurement process in my organization must make sure that the five vital tenets of contract are met while entering into a contract with other parties. The five tenets of contract are- 1. Offer- Offer and acceptance are the essential elements of a contract. Before going in depth of the definition of offer and acceptance, let us first recognize the parties involved in the framework of offer and acceptance. ... The five tenets of contract are- 1. Offer- Offer and acceptance are the essential elements of a contract. Before going in depth of the definition of offer and acceptance, let us first recognize the parties involved in the framework of offer and acceptance. The structure of offer and acceptance involves an offeror who puts forth the offer and an offeree, to whom the offer has been made by the offeror. Thus now we can look at the definition of the offer and acceptance framework, which states that an offer is a statement or proposal by an offeror to an offeree with an intention to make lawful relations. An offer cannot be considered simply as an incitement to negotiate or bargain. To make the communication effectual and complete, the offer must be received and accepted by the offeree. In a buying and selling contract, to make an offer legitimate, the following aspects must be clearly defined: Who is the offeror? Who is the offeree? What is the consideration? What is the area under discu ssion of the offer? How many central themes does the offer entail (quantity)? Any communication would be considered as an offer if it signifies the expression on which the person making the offer is ready to create a contract (like setting the price of a product intended to be sold), and provides a clear hint that the offeror wishes to abide by the terms if those are acknowledged by the offeree. Offer can also be made to the general public, for example a marketer offering discount to the people visiting his shop. This kind of offer is generally known as unilateral offer where the offer is addressed to a large number of people and their actions indicate their acceptance of the

Athens Olympic stadium Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Athens Olympic stadium - Case Study Example The immense size of the project and its particular technical complexity were the causes for long delays; the work was finally completed in time and the new captivating stadium was officially reopened on July 30, 2004 (O.A.K.A. 2005). The Athens Olympic stadium roof in the form of a double bowstring tied arch of 80 m high is considered one of the most ingenious modern architectural and engineering projects. This impressive construction of steel and glass is today one of the city's landmarks. Along with its spectacular and pioneering architectural design, the suspended arched roof construction and erection has been a challenge to engineers and an excellent example of integration of construction engineering and hydraulic expertise (Siriani & Di Silverio 2006). The roof structure is in two halves, each comprising a top arch of a diameter of 3.25 m and a lower torsion tube of a diameter of 3.6 m extending for 304 m over the stadium. The wall thicknesses of the tubes are up to 95 mm. All four tubes merge at their ends and are based on four support steel shoes (19 m x 4 m x 4 m) made from 100 mm thick steel plates. The tubes support wire cables that hold polycarbonate panels of a weigh of 17,000 ton in total. 220 girders cantilever out of the torsion tube supporting the panels, thus forming the roof deck. Finally, the panels are covered by a special coating to reflect 60% of the sunlight. Apart from providing shadow, protecting athletes and spectators against the hot Greek summer sun, the roof served as a carrier for telecommunications and security systems during the Games (Siriani & Di Silverio 2006). The layout of Calatrava's roof can be seen in figure 1. Fig.1. The Athens Olympic stadium layout and dimensions of the roof (redrawn from Siriani & Di Silverio 2006). The roof construction project was contracted to the Italian Costruzioni Cimolai Armando Spa of Pordenone. In detail, the stages of the building process were segment fabrication and pre-assembly, segment shipping to construction site, on-site assembly and erection of the two halves of the roof at a distance from the sports arena and finally assembly pulling (sliding) into position. With the exception of the sliding step that was sub-contracted, all remaining stages were undertaken by Cimolai (Siriani & Di Silverio 2006). A number of difficulties arose during the renovations works that were mainly linked to the immense character of the project and the shortage of available time; these issues required technically advanced, ingenious solutions. All steel fabrication works took place at Cimolai's site in Italy, using a 6000 ton press, one of the largest in Europe. The support shoes and pre-assembled tube segments of up to 15 m in length equipped with cable anchorages, diaphragms and girder connections were constructed there and were subsequently shipped by sea to Athens. Shipping has been a gigantic operation due to the excessive size of the segments of the roof (Siriani & Di Silverio 2006). A second particularity of the project was that roof assembly and erection could not take place at its final position, so as to allow other renovation work in the stadium to proceed during the assembly process. Thus each of the arch structures was put together separately on each side of the concrete stadium, at 70 m far from either side. Roof

McDonalds Price Diffrentiation Strategy

McDonalds Price Diffrentiation Strategy Ray Kroc became the first franchisee appointed by Mac and Dick McDonald in San Bernardino, California. Ray Kroc opened his first restaurant in Des Plaines, Illinois (near Chicago), and the McDonalds Corporation was created. Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value (Q.S.C. V.) became the company motto. 1959 The 100th McDonalds opened in Chicago. 1961 Ray Kroc bought all rights to the McDonalds concept from the McDonalds brothers for $2.7 million. Hamburger University opened in Elk Grove, near Chicago. 1963 One billion hamburgers sold. The 500th restaurant opened. The 500th student graduates from Hamburger University. Ronald McDonald made his debut. McDonalds net income exceeded $1 million. 1964 Filet-o-Fish sandwich introduced. 1965 McDonalds Corporation went public. Per earning ratio varies from 10 to 22 during year; stock price range, 15 33.5. 1966 McDonalds listed on the New York stock exchange on the 7th May. 1967 The first restaurants outside of the USA opened in Canada and Puerto Rico. 1968 The Big Mac was introduced. The 1,000th restaurant opened in Des Plaines, Illinois. 1970 McDonalds restaurant in every US state. Ray Cesca (Director of Global Purchasing of the McDonalds Corporation) has admitted that when McDonalds opened stores in Costa Rica in 1970, they were using beef from cattle raised on ex-rainforest land, deforested in the 1950s and 1960s. New countries Virgin Islands, Costa Rica. 1971 The Egg McMuffin sandwich was test marketed in the US as McDonalds first breakfast menu item. McDonalds Japanese President, Den Fujita, stated the reason Japanese people are so short and have yellow skins is because they have eaten nothing but fish and rice for two thousand years; if we eat McDonalds hamburgers and potatoes for a thousand years we will become taller, our skin become white and our hair blonde. New countries Japan, Holland, Australia, Germany, Panama, Guam. 1972 Assets exceeded $500 million and sales surpassed $1 billion. A new McDonalds restaurant opening every day. New countries France, El Salvador. The 2,000th restaurant opened in Des Plaines, Illinois. The Quarter Pounder was introduced. Ray Kroc made a $250,000 donation to the controversial 1972 presidential campaign of Richard Nixon. 1973 McDonalds Golden Arches Restaurants Limited founded in UK as a joint venture partnership between the McDonalds Corporation and two businessmen; one British, one American. New country Sweden. Egg Mc Muffin introduced. 1974 The 3,000th McDonalds restaurant was opened in Woolwich (south east London) in October, the first in the UK. The UK Head Office was sited in Hampstead, North London. Up to 1974, McDonalds employees in Puerto Rico were unionized, but the company was sold to a new franchisee. A dispute followed, closing all the stores and McDonalds pulled out of Puerto Rico. They reopened in 1980 with non-union labor. New countries England, Netherlands, Antilles, Guatemala. The first Ronald McDonald House opened in Philadelphia. At a San Francisco Labor Board hearing, McDonalds workers testified that lie-detectors had been used to ask about union sympathies, following which the company was threatened with legal action. 1975 The Companys first Drive-Thru opened in Sierra Vista, Arizona. New countries Hong Kong, Bahamas, Nicaragua. Fred Turner becomes Chairman, Ray Kroc Senior Chairman, and Ed Schmitt becomes President. Broadcast advertising appeared in UK cinemas. 1976 McDonalds first UK TV advertisement was broadcast. 4,000th store opened in Canada. New countries Switzerland, New Zealand. Largest restaurant opens with 334 seats. 1977 New countries Ireland, Austria. Breakfast menu introduced, nationally in America. 1978 The 5,000th restaurant opened in Kanagawa, Japan and it made US $1 million in its first year. Sundaes introduced in USA. In one store in Chicago (USA), a majority of McDonalds workers joined a union. The company then took legal action to stop recognition for the union unless they could get a majority in the 8 stores run by the franchisee. New country Belgium. 1979 A 7 month strike in Dublin (Ireland) lead to recognition of the ITGWU union. In 1985, two union activists won a victory at a labor court after claiming victimization and unfair dismissal. New countries Brazil and Singapore. 1980 The 6,000th restaurant opened in Munich. After workers in a store in Detroit (USA) joined a union, the company organized a visit by a top baseball star, staff disco, and McBingo prior to elections for union representation. First floating restaurant on a steamer in Missouri. 1,000th international restaurant opened. 1981 New countries Spain, Denmark and Malaysia. 1982 Geoffrey Guiliano, a main Ronald McDonald actor, quit and publicly apologized, stating I brainwashed youngsters into doing wrong. I want to say sorry to children everywhere for selling out to concerns that make millions by murdering animals. 7,000th restaurant opened in Washington DC. McDonalds were responsible for food poisoning outbreak caused by E. Coli bacteria, which affected 47 people in Oregon and Michigan, USA. Egon Ronay calls McDonalds burgers uninspiring. Breakfast was introduced to the British menu. 1983 The McDonalds Corporation became sole owners of McDonalds in the UK. The Company is named McDonalds Hamburgers Limited. Five consignments of Brazilian beef are secretly imported for McDonalds UK stores. The 100th UK restaurant opened in Market Street, Manchester. New country Norway. Introduction of Chicken Mc Nuggets in USA. New Hamburger University campus opens in Oak Brook, Illinois. Set in 80 wooded acres. Training is provided for every level of McDonalds management worldwide. A lodge with 154 rooms in also on the same site. In Arkansas (USA), the UFCW union, which was interested in recruiting McDonalds workers, was involved in a union dispute at a chicken processing plant supplying McDonalds. 1984 Founder Ray Kroc dies. 50 billionth hamburgers sold. Ronald McDonald Childrens Charities is founded in his memory to raise funds in support of child welfare. A McDonalds pamphlet which is distributed to health professionals in the UK states: There is a considerable amount of evidence to suggest that many of the diseases which are more common in the western, affluent world diseases such as obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and some forms of cancer are related to diet. The typical western diet is relatively low in dietary fiber (roughage) and high in fat, salt and sugar. McDonalds now serves 17 million customers a day. 1985 London Greenpeace (a radical group of civil rights and environmental campaigners, independent of Greenpeace International) launches a campaign intended to expose the reality behind the advertising mask of the fast food chains, including McDonalds. Sergio Quintana, the sales director of Coop Monticello (the sole supplier of beef to McDonalds stores in Costa Rica since 1970), stated on camera that his companys beef was being supplied to McDonalds in the USA. 1986 Drive-Thru restaurants opened in UK at Fallow field, Dudley, Neasden and Coventry. Four workers in Madrid who had called for union elections were sacked by McDonalds. The company was forced to reinstate the workers after the labor court ruled that the dismissals were illegal. The 200th UK restaurant opened in Ipswich. McDonalds became the first UK restaurant group to introduce nutritional information, throughout the country, for the benefit of customers. London Greenpeace published a 6-sided factsheet entitled Whats Wrong with McDonalds? Everything They Dont Want You To Know. The first UK franchisee-operated restaurant opened in Hayes, Middlesex. The first World Day of Action against McDonalds was held on 16th October (UN World Food Day). 1987 The Attorneys General of Texas, California and New York threatened to sue McDonalds under the consumer protection laws over an advertising campaign claiming that McDonalds food is nutritious. The Attorneys General concluded that the campaign was deceptive because McDonalds food is, as a whole, not nutritious. McDonalds is serving 20 million people a day in nearly 10,000 restaurants in 47 countries. The UK Midlands regional training centre opened in Sutton Cold field. McDonalds started legal proceedings against the Transnationals Information Centre (an independent research and action group based in London) over a booklet they produced called Working for Big Mac which was highly critical of the companys employment practices. The TIC backed down lacking resources to fight the case to trial, discontinued publication and distribution of the booklet (which was pulped), and the organization itself went bust. 1988 McDonalds sponsored the Child of Achievement Awards. CFCs ceased to be used for most of McDonalds Styrofoam packaging. 300th UK restaurant opened in Dagenham, Essex. 1989 Italian designer Valentino attempts in a Rome court to stop McDonalds opening near the Piazza di Spagna, complaining of noise and disgusting odours. McDonalds is listed on the Frankfurt, Munich, Paris and Tokyo stock exchanges. The Bournemouth Advertiser (UK) is threatened with a libel action by McDonalds over an article which discussed the captive-bolt method of slaughter for cattle. The newspaper backed down and published an apology. Michael Quinlan is appointed Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The UK Companys name was changed to McDonalds Restaurants Limited. McDonalds send undercover private investigators to infiltrate London Greenpeace over a period of 20 months. McDonalds charity for child welfare fundraising, Ronald McDonald Childrens Charities, was registered. McDonalds Child of Achievement Awards was presented by UK Prime Minister Mrs. Margaret Thatcher. The UK Manchester regional training centre was opened. McDonalds stores in Philadelphia (USA) were independently surveyed and accused of having racist differential wage rates between the inner-city stores (mostly black workers) and the suburbs (mostly white workers). 1990 September libel writs were served on five supporters of London Greenpeace, three of whom feel unable to fight the case. The McLibel Support Campaign is set up to generate solidarity and financial backing for the McLibel Defendants. McDonalds opened in Pushkin Square and Gorky Street, Moscow. McDonalds opened at a UK airport at North Terminal, Gatwick. The first Ronald McDonald House opened at Guys Hospital, London. McDonalds Child of Achievement Awards attended by HRH The Princess of Wales. 1991 McDonalds were responsible for a serious food poisoning outbreak in Preston (UK), when several customers were hospitalized as a result of eating undercooked burgers contaminated by potentially deadly E.Coli 0157H bacteria. The 150th Ronald McDonald House opened in Paris. McDonalds opened in Beijing, China. The 400th UK restaurant (and first in Northern Ireland) is opened in Belfast. McDonalds opens in Hampstead (North London) despite strong opposition from local residents. 1992 Mark Hopkins, a McDonalds worker in Manchester (UK), was fatally electrocuted on touching a fat filtering unit in the wash-up area of the store. The manager of a Newcastle store (UK) was jailed for 6 months for inducing a crew member to phone through a hoax bomb threat to nearby Burger King in order to boost sales at McDonalds. McDonalds Child of Achievement Awards attended by UK Prime Minister John Major. McDonalds opened in a railway station at Liverpool Street, London. A UK Health Safety Executive report made 23 recommendations for improvements in the safety of employees. One of its conclusions was The application of McDonalds hustle policy [ie. getting staff to work at speed] in many restaurants was, in effect, putting the service of the customer before the safety of employees. Visitors to Salisbury Cathedral (UK) are offered two burgers for the price of one if they buy a commemorative parchment scroll. The idea is dropped when the bishop gets back from holiday. First restaurant in a European hospital opened at Guys Hospital, London. 1993 The first McDonalds at sea opened aboard the Silja Europa, the worlds largest ferry sailing between Stockholm and Helsinki. The Paris planning authorities refuse permission for a McDonalds under the Eiffel Tower. The second Ronald McDonald House opened at Alder Hey Childrens Hospital, Liverpool. 500th UK restaurant opened in Notting Hill Gate, London. First UK operated restaurant on a ship opened on the Stena Sealink ferry Fantasia sailing between Dover and Calais. McDonalds sponsored athletics in the UK through the McDonalds Young Athletes League and the International invitational meeting the McDonalds Games. 1994 Mc Libel Trial starts on 28th June. Restaurants opened in Bahrain, Bulgaria, Egypt, Kuwait, Latvia, Oman, New Caledonia, Trinidad and United Arab Emirates, bringing the total to over 15,000 in 79 countries on 6 continents. McDonalds celebrated twenty years of operating in the UK. McDonalds environmental image was revealed to be a sham, and customers being conned when it was discovered that rubbish which customers were asked to put into separated recycling bins throughout New Zealand stores was sent to the tip. McDonalds achieved the highest ever grade under the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) Quality Safety Audit scheme. McDonalds was voted the Most Parent Friendly restaurant in the UK for the second successive year by the Tommys Parent Friendly Campaign, supported by the Daily Telegraph. Workers in an Ontario store (Canada) joined a union, but the company managed to avoid recognition by ensuring victory in Labor Board sponsored elections. The McLibel Defendants issue a countersuit for libel against McDonalds over the companys accusation in a leaflet that they are telling lies. Five McDonalds managers are arrested in Lyon, France for trying to rig union elections. On 1st October, McDonalds UK executives held a celebration along with a jazz band and clown at their Woolwich store to mark 20 years since this first store opened in the UK. In October, there is a demonstration at McDonalds European headquarters in London where sackbuts of the companys litter picked up off the streets are returned. The Company threatens legal action against a topless restaurant in Australia called Mc Tits. 1995 Mc Libel Trial becomes the longest libel trial in British history on Day 102 in March. On 15th April, there were international protests to mark the 40th anniversary of the opening of the worlds first store of the McDonalds Corporation, and to celebrate 10 years of co-ordinate international resistance to McDonalds. On the first anniversary of the McLibel Trial (28th June), it becomes known that McDonalds had initiated secret settlement negotiations and had twice flown members of their US Board of Directors to London to meet with the McLibel Defendants in an attempt to bring the case to an end. 12th October, the third anniversary of the death of Mark Hopkins, was a Day of Solidarity with McDonalds Workers in the UK. On 16th October, the 11th annual Worldwide Day of Action against McDonalds, there were protests in at least 20 countries. In the UK, at least 250 of the companys 600 stores were leafleted. On 11th December (Day 199 of the trial), the McLibel Trial becomes the longest civil case in English history. Following widespread opposition by local residents, McDonalds were refused permission to open an outlet at their European headquarters in north London. 1996 February 16th 10am, the McSpotlight website was launched. In March, the publics intense concern over the links between the cattle disease BSE and its human equivalent CJD forced McDonalds UK to ban British beef. The company did not sell any beef products for a week while supposedly waiting for beef supplies to arrive from other EU countries. The Vegetable Deluxe was launched in the UK. McDonalds opened stores in India. McDonalds and Disney announced a deal giving McDonalds exclusive rights to use characters from Disney films in its promotions around the world for 10 years. Commentators called it the biggest global marketing alliance yet devised. McDonalds opened a store in Belarus, its 100th country. The movie star Robin Williams turned down a million-pound offer to advertise McDonalds. McDonalds threatened the owner of a UK sandwich bar called McMunchies with legal action for breach of trademark. A retired Scottish school-teacher called Ronald McDonald, and the chief of the McDonald clan in Scotland were both outraged at this further attempt by McDonalds to claim global dominion over the prefix Mc and the name McDonald which has been an Irish and Scottish family name for centuries. The Supreme Court of Denmark ruled against McDonalds claim that a sausage stand called McAllans was in breach of its trademark. Following widespread opposition by local residents in Winchmore Hill (north London) which put a lot of pressure on the local MP (Michael Portillo, the Defense Secretary), McDonalds were refused permission to convert the local Conservative Association HQ into a Drive-Thru. McDonalds sued for breach of trademark a Jamaican fast-food company (called the McDonalds Corporation Limited) which had been operating in Jamaica since the early 1970s. McDonalds succeeded in its trademark battle in South Africa, when an appeal court prohibited competitors from using its name and the golden arches symbol. McDonalds began spending $200 million on a promotional blitz in the USA Canada to lure adults to visit their outlets. This included the launch of the new adult burger, the Arch Deluxe in May. Despite this blitz, US sales continued to fall. The parents of a child, who died from E.Coli 0157 food poisoning after eating McDonalds burgers in Spain and England, began legal proceedings for compensation in the USA. Meanwhile, three children who suffered E.Coli 0157 food poisoning in England also from McDonalds burgers were granted legal aid to sue McDonalds and their supplier McKeys. McDonalds opened the worlds first fast-food ski-through in the Lindvallen resort (Sweden). The Mc Libel Trial became the longest trial of any kind in English legal history in November. A value meal is a group of menu items offered together at a lower price than they would cost individually. They are common at fast food restaurants. Value meals are a common merchandising tactic to facilitate bundling, up-selling, and price discrimination. Most of the time they can be upgraded to a larger size of fries and drink for a small fee. The perceived creation of a discount on individual menu items in exchange for the purchase of a meal is also consistent with the loyalty marketing school of thought. TECHNOLOGY:- In order to make speedy service possible and to ensure accuracy and security, many fast food restaurants have incorporated hospitality point of sale systems. This makes it possible for kitchen crew people to view orders placed at the front counter or drive through in real time. Wireless systems allow orders placed at drive through speakers to be taken by cashiers and cooks. Drive through and walk through configurations will allow orders to be taken at one register and paid at another. Modern point of sale systems can operate on computer networks using a variety of software programs. Sales records can be generated and remote access to computer reports can be given to corporate offices, managers, troubleshooters, and other authorized personnel. Food service chains partner with food equipment manufacturers to design highly specialized restaurant equipment, often incorporating heat sensors, timers, and other electronic controls into the design. Collaborative design techniques, such as rapid visualization and parametric modeling of restaurant kitchens are now being used to establish equipment specifications that are consistent with restaurant operating and merchandising requirements. The United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, many home based fast food operations were closed in the 1970s and 1980s after McDonalds became the number one outlet in the market. However, brands like Wimpy still remain, although the majority of branches became Burger King in 1989. Japan Traditional ramen and sushi restaurants still dominate fast food culture in Japan, although American outlets like Pizza Hut, McDonalds, and KFC are also popular, along with Japanese chains like MOS Burger. Nigeria In Nigeria, Mr. Biggs, Chicken Republic, Tantalizers, and Taste Fried Chicken are the predominant fast food chains. KFC and Pizza Hut have recently entered the country. South Africa KFC is the most popular fast food chain in South Africa according to a 2010 Sunday Times survey. Chicken Licken, Wimpy and Ocean Basket along with Nandos and Steers are examples of homegrown franchises that are highly popular within the country. Mcdonalds, Subway and Pizza Hut have a significant presence within South Africa. China and Hong Kong In Hong Kong, although McDonalds and KFC are quite popular, there are 3 major local fast food chains providing Hong Kong Chinese style fast food. These 3 major chains are Cafà © de Coral, Fairwood Fast Food, and Maxim MX. In recent years, they have also been extending their operations to Mainland China. Israel In Israel, local burger chain Burger Ranch is popular as are McDonalds, Burger King and KFC. Dominos Pizza is also a popular fast food restaurant. Chains like McDonalds offer kosher branches. Non-kosher foods such as cheeseburgers are rare in Israeli fast food chains, even in non-kosher branches. There are many small local fast food chains that serve pizza, burgers and local foods such as falafel. MCDONALDS PRICE DISCRIMINATION:- McDonalds is reported to have decided that it is dropping the idea of one price fits all for its chain of over 1,200 franchise-based stores across the UK and may move towards regionally-based pricing for cheeseburgers and other products. Like many other fast food retailers, McDonalds has come under huge pressure because of rising operating costs. The key issue is how much of the rise in the price of ingredients and wages for staff can be passed onto consumers without it damaging sales volumes. Is the market demand for burgers sensitive to the economic cycle? Is the demand for McDonalds burgers price elastic or inelastic? The Financial Times has reported that Revenue Management Solutions has been commissioned to do some market research to find out how price-sensitive customers are in Britain and recommend where and on what menu items it can raise prices by 10p-20p. This would move McDonalds closer towards Burger King which allows franchises to charge different prices and Sainsbury and Tesco which charge different prices at high street stores. EOs of America Tricon Global Restaurants, the group that owns KFC and Pizza Hut, promotes Traditional Peking Chicken Roll at a KFC restaurant in Shanghai. At present, there are more than 1,000 KFC restaurants in China, and they are increasing at annual rate of 200. A new KFC restaurant opens every other day. Western counterpart McDonalds also continues to expand its premises. Having arrived on the mainland in the early 1990s, McDonalds has more than 600 restaurants in nearly 100 cities. Although there have been fewer golden arches in America, its native country, in the past two years, Chinas McDonalds have grown at a rate of 100 restaurants per year. The total income of fast food restaurants in China now stands at 180 billion yuan RMB, and KFC and McDonalds account for eight percent. What kind of magic has brought them such success in China? How do they sustain growth rates? Their standardized business operation apart, the key is excellent inter-cultural management. Western Fast Food Chinese Style Alluring the captious customers is a hurdle every foreign fast food restaurant must clear. The novelty of these fast food restaurants initially won many customers. Although cheap and commonplace in America, at the time the Chinese governments opening-up policy was newly enacted, fast food was exotically foreign enough to whet Chinese peoples curiosity about the outside world. Managers took advantage of this by charging the relatively high prices of 10 yuan for a hamburger, and 5 yuan for a Coke. By the mid-1990s, there were 100 fast food restaurants around Beijing; the convenience, efficient service, comfortable environment, pleasing music and jovial atmosphere garnered fans. Office workers enjoyed grabbing a quick bite on their way to work, and friends enjoyed relaxing over a Coke. However, certain eagle-eyed managers noticed that some people never dropped in when they passed by. Some customers complained that fast food was not as good as their Chinese cuisine, and that it lacked variety. McDonalds and KFC restaurants were almost empty during the traditional celebrations of Spring Festival and Mid-autumn Festival while Chinese restaurants were heaved and bustled. The reason? Cultural differences. Fast food restaurants like KFC and McDonalds are distinct American brands. Differences between China and US politics, economics, social development and ideology became obstacles to international enterprises operating in China. Corporate culture could not be understood or accepted here, especially in the restaurant field, where culture plays a crucial role. McDonalds at full sail on the Huangpu River. So the solution was to adapt: when in Rome, do as the Romans. Deep-rooted in the Chinese consciousness is the traditional culture of food and drink that features color, fragrance, flavor and variety. Fast food simply does not compare. Now that curiosity had faded, people returned to their own more extensive cuisine. Under such circumstances, the only way out was to combine the two different cultures. Fast food restaurants have been learning to absorb elements of Chinese culture. Since the summer of 2001, KFC has introduced many Chinese items onto their menus. Preserved Sichuan Pickle and Shredded Pork Soup was one of the first. Consumers felt their traditions were being respected when they could taste Chinese cuisine at a foreign restaurant. The soup proved a success, and Mushroom Rice, Tomato and Egg Soup, and Traditional Peking Chicken Roll were soon added to the menu. Not content to lag behind, McDonalds Vegetable and Seafood Soup and Corn Soup were introduced, and the company worked to modify the restaurants design. During the 2004 Spring Festival, McDonalds on Beijings Wangfujing Street attracted many people with a traditional Chinese look, decorating their interiors with paper-cuts of the Chinese character Fu (Happiness), magpies and twin fishes, all auspicious symbols. Inter-cultural Management Mode McDonalds have absorbed the Chinese cultural elements of showing respect, recognition, understanding, assimilation and amalgamation, while maintaining the substance of the Western culture of efficiency, freedom, democracy, equality and humanity. This inter-cultural management mode, with American business culture at the core, supplemented by Chinese traditional culture, provides reference for international enterprises which need to adjust, enrich and reconstruct their corporate culture to enhance local market flexibility. There are, however, certain conditions essential to inter-cultural management mode. On the objective side, there must be similarities in environment in order for the two cultures to connect and synchronize. McDonalds embody an accommodation of the fast tempo of modern life: a product of development and a market economy. Their resultant speed and efficiency are only meaningful in countries with a market economy. Chinas rapid economic development offered the environmental conditions corresponding to fast food culture. Services offered by fast food chains express their full respect for freedom, an American value, as well as the psychological statement of Chinese open-mindedness that yearns to understand and experience the Western lifestyle. Two cultures proactively crashed, connected, and assimilated. KFC and McDonalds use the localization strategy to re-express American business culture, with profound traditional Chinese cultural emblems, catering to local customs on the basis of stand ardized management. A CASE :- In July 2006, the worlds largest fast food restaurant chain, McDonalds, which claims to be an equal opportunity employer, was at the receiving end of a discrimination lawsuit along with the management company that runs the McDonalds outlet in Dearborn and an unnamed manager. Two Muslim women claimed that they had been denied employment at McDonald Dearborn outlet as they sported a hijab. Introduction On July 24, 2008, two Muslim women filed a lawsuit against the worlds largest fast food restaurant chain, McDonalds, its management company at Dearborn, Michigan, USA, and one of its managers, alleging that they had been discriminated against during their job interviews because they were wearing the hijab. In the lawsuit filed in Wayne County Circuit Court, Michigan, the women claimed that the discrimination had been going on for years and demanded US$10 million as compensation. The two women Toi Whitfield (Whitfield) of Detroit, and Quiana Pugh (Pugh) of Dearborn alleged that the manager had told them that they would not be considered for employment unless they removed their hijab. According to the women, Pugh had approached McDonalds for an interview in July 2008, while Whitfield had her interview in November 2006 SWOT ANALYSIS